Author(s):
Mr Kunwar Abhinav Singh Rathore, Shaik Muneer, Mr Shubham Jalinder Gore, Dr. Gaurav Bhatnagar (PT), Dr. Pragya Bhatnagar
Email(s):
mphmuneer@gmail.com , bhatnagargaurav8@gmail.compragyabhatnagar3011@gmail.com
Address:
Faculty of Nursing and Paramedical,
Mahayogi Gorakhnath University,
Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh
Associate Professor
SIMS College of Pharmacy,
Mangaldas Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
Pin -522001
Phramaceutics
TMV Lokmanya Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pune
Professor, Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy,
Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy,
MIMSR Medical College Campus,
Latur, Maharashtra, India- 413512
Tutor, Department of Conservative Dentistry
and Endodontics,
Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences
(Dental College) Latur, Maharashtra-413512,
India
Published In:
Book, TARGETING DIABETES THROUGH PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
Year of Publication:
December, 2025
Online since:
January 24, 2026
DOI:
Not Available
ABSTRACT:
Diabetes mellitus remains a premier global health crisis, affecting over 537 million individuals worldwide. Despite a decade of pharmaceutical innovation, a significant portion of patients fails to reach glycemic targets. This gap is increasingly attributed to the high heterogeneity of the disease, which transcends traditional classifications of Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes.Precision medicine has already achieved "standard of care" status for monogenic forms of diabetes (e.g., MODY), where genetic testing allows patients to switch from insulin to oral sulfonylureas. In Type 2 diabetes, cluster analysis has identified five distinct sub-phenotypes (SAID, SIDD, SIRD, MOD, and MARD) with varying risks for complications like nephropathy and retinopathy. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics is beginning to predict individual responses to GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, reducing the "trial-and-error" period in clinical practice.
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References not available.